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Relationship with drug trafficking

Wednesday, January 20th, 2010

drug trafficking

The rise of drug trafficking throughout the world, has mo-tivado a great concern of all governments, especially the U.S., which has been reflected in policy instruments designed to effectively fight against the scourge. It is alien to that drug trafficking is closely linked to organized crime, terrorism, and pose a threat to democratic nations of the developing world due to corruption and crime resulting from such activities can overwhelm the recent institutions and legal systems. Among the plans to combat drug trafficking, the U.S. has developed its federal strategy for preventing drug abuse and trafficking.

The programs aim to virtually paths:
1 – Prevention includes educating youth about the dangers of narcotics.
2 – detoxification and treatment for drug addicts.
3 – Research aimed at understanding the causes and consequences of drug addiction.
4 – Enforcement of laws relating to drugs to destroy drug networks and intercept the drug before it reaches consumers.
5 – International cooperation to control the production and shipment of narcotics.

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Cocaine Production

Tuesday, January 19th, 2010

shrub

Shrub:
The shrub called Erythroxylon coca develops fully in the geographic area of the plateau, whose growth is favored by wet weather and temperature prevailing in the area.

Of this shrub and its leaves are properly extracted a white substance, crystalline, known cocaine hydrochloride.

It is distinguished from other shrubs, because their whole leaves shortly petiolate, oval, obtuse, 2 to 7 cm. long by 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, eventually lattice, with prominent midrib. Are about equal on each side of the midrib and about one third of the distance is on the verge, has two curved lines, clearly visible. They are grayish-green, sometimes brownish, stiff and hairless, weak aromatic odor and bitter taste, astringent and slightly bitter.

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Source of Cocaine

Monday, January 18th, 2010

coca leaf

Cocaine is the main alkaloid obtained from the leaves resulting in the percentage with 0.5 to 1.5% variable.

The extraction is relatively simple, being able to make with items readily available reagents and not requiring the infrastructure of a laboratory for the process.

One of the most common method for obtaining cocaine is macerated coca leaves with lime for three days, then separating the active part of the coca leaf. This post is mixed with kerosene and liquid thus obtained is combined with sulfuric acid thereby obtaining a precipitate of the active substance sulfate. The next step is to undertake a dry substance obtained, and again it is combined with sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate, all to obtain a purified solution, filtering and adding more acid.

The solid product is separated and dry once you get the coca paste or cocaine base. As a last step we add the paste is dissolved in acetone and ether, then adding hydrochloric acid. This solution is filtered and alcohol added, yielding after 3 or 4 hours a precipitate crystalline solid known as “cocaine hydrochloride” with an approximate purity of 90% .-

Cocaine hydrochloride, is sold illegally in the form of small envelopes, which contain 0.5 to 1 gram of drugs, commonly known as “ravioli” .-

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Effects and Dangers of cocaine use

Saturday, January 16th, 2010

cocain effects

When cocaine is introduced through the nose, start feeling the effects within a few minutes. These effects include: dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, the heart pulse rate and respiration, as also denoted a marked increase in body temperature. Also some regular users of the drug claim feelings of restlessness, irritability, anxiety and insomnia. In some people, even low doses of cocaine can create serious psychological problems. With high doses may suffer paranoia or experience what is called “cocaine psychosis“.

The occasional use can cause runny or blocked nose, while chronic aspiration can ulcerate the mucous membrane of the nose.

Although few people understand it, deaths can occur when injecting excessive doses, smoke or take drugs. The deaths are the result of multiple attacks suspension followed by respiratory and cardiac activity. Anyone addicted to this drug is subject to a fatal outcome when least expected, because cocaine in all its forms creates such physical and psychological dependence that consumers are using in increasing quantities in order to achieve the results we obtained in its inception, this being the cause of excess and therefore death from overdose .-

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Cocaine

Friday, January 15th, 2010

cocaine

Cocaine is a drug extracted from coca leaves (a plant that grows in South America). Cocaine appears in various forms. Cocaine hydrochloride is the most available drugs. It is often a fine white powder-like crystal, but sometimes comes in larger pieces. Usually snorted or cocaine is inserted through the nose, although some addicts will inject or smoke as a drug called “free base”.

The “free base” is a form of cocaine that is manufactured chemically converting cocaine hydrochloride to a purified substance and subsequently altered to smoke it is more appropriate and which is commonly known as Crake. There is also another form of “crak” (which is commonly achieved by low value) arising from processing wastes to hydrochloride .

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Drugs: Abuse and Addiction

Thursday, January 14th, 2010

drugs abuse

Abuse:
The drug abuse is the second stage and accepted essentially two ways:
1) The use of the drug against different stimuli, but still no regularity in time. Example: the student who also use drugs before a test, used to claim the increased performance in a sports competition, brightest display in a social gathering, etc.
2) Change of the drug, provided that still occur irregularly in time.
The individual uses different drugs, adverse effects in a compensatory manner. The individual taking stimulants for studying, sleeping and depressants to counteract the effect of the first and those rising again to overcome the dullness and able to go to work. Whether creating a vicious circle impossible to stop himself, without specialized assistance .
3) Addiction (psychological dependence on drugs and psycho). When we have been describing the process regularly takes the time and becomes permanent, the individual has reached the last stage: the drug .-

Habit:
It is the body’s adaptation to the drug, with the consequence that over time the same dose will produce no effect. For the same level of responses must therefore be increased gradually.

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Why illegal drugs are illegal?

Wednesday, January 13th, 2010

illegal drugs

A little history
At the end of last century with the expansion of trade and communications, drug use, which hitherto affected only small communities, began to spread. The passage of drugs from one country to another including the manner of his use, was still a growing problem. Since the consumption of these consequences brought not only the health of people but also affecting the development of communities.

Thus in 1909, thirteen nations of the world gathered in Shanghai and formed a committee, then in 1912 signed the first drug control treaty known as the International Opium Convention of The Hague. ”

Thereafter, a series of Conventions (1920, 1925, 1931, 1936) until in 1946 the Organization of the United Nations assumed responsibility, becoming the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, a body subordinate to it.

Shortly after the end of World War II were synthesized many compounds whose effects produced dependency. These substances were placed under international control.

The United Nations then writes “The 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs”, by which States Parties undertake specific obligations to limit drug production plant only the amount needed for medical and scientific purposes.

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Classifications by Drugs Effect

Tuesday, January 12th, 2010

drugs classifications

Stimulant Drugs

  • Coffee
    Possible effect: Decreases sleepiness and fatigue.
    Possible physical consequences: Restlessness, agitation, tremors, insomnia, digestive problems
  • Snuff, nicotine
    Possible effect: Disinhibition, calm feeling
    Possible physical consequences: Pulmonary and circulatory disorders. Heart disease. Strokes and cancer.
  • Amphetamine
    Possible effect: Heightened alert, hyperactivity, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, tachycardia, talkativeness
    Possible physical consequences: Dilated pupils, intense nervousness, permanent alertness, insomnia, chills, anorexia.
  • Cocaine
    Possible effect: Excitement, marked disinhibition, hyperactivity, loss of appetite, anxiety, increased blood pressure and heart beats.
    Possible physical consequences: Restlessness, agitation, hypertension, cardio-respiratory disorders, malnutrition, anemia. To damage the liver, kidneys and brain. In pregnancy, defective fetuses

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Drugs classified as the Social Optica

Monday, January 11th, 2010

drug classifications

These are substances whose use has been accepted at the social level and yet are included in the WHO definition
* Tea
* Coffee
* Chocolate
* Certain soft drinks
* Snuff
* Alcohol
Etc.

Intermediate
All medications, from:
* Aspirin Until (OTC) (Recipe)
or psychotropic
or sedatives
or barbiturates

For example: The most complicated of the Antiparkinsonian

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What do we mean when we talk about drugs?

Saturday, January 9th, 2010

about drugs

What is a drug?
In accordance with the Charter of the United Nations Governments of Member States have the responsibility, inter alia, for the health of their peoples. To contribute to this purpose and to promote cooperation among themselves and with others and protect the health of all people, States meeting established that the World Health Organization is the specialized agency in the matter.

A classic definition given by the World Health Organization can guide us in trying to understand what these substances we call drugs, and to know what preventive actions can be made:

WHO says: “Drug” is any substance which, introduced into the body through any route of administration, produces a somewhat altered from the natural functioning of the central nervous system of the individual and is also likely to create dependence, either psychological, physical or both.

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